What is the process of water recharge?

The process of water recharge refers to the replenishment of groundwater supplies, making it a vital component of the hydrological cycle. This occurs when water from rainfall or surface water infiltrates the ground and reaches the aquifers, thereby restoring the water table and ensuring that groundwater resources are sustained.

Recharge can happen naturally, such as through precipitation that seeps into the soil, or artificially, through techniques like managed aquifer recharge, where excess surface water is directed to recharge areas. Healthy groundwater supplies are essential for supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and drinking water needs.

The other options represent different water management strategies or processes but do not define water recharge specifically. For instance, the removal of pollutants from water focuses on water quality, while the diversion of rivers for irrigation pertains to water management for agricultural purposes. The collection of rainwater in reservoirs is about surface water storage and not directly related to the process of replenishing groundwater. Therefore, the correct understanding of water recharge reflects its dedicated role in maintaining groundwater supplies.